What does a weather radar primarily detect?

A weather radar primarily detects precipitation, which includes various forms of moisture falling from the atmosphere, such as rain, snow, sleet, and hail. The radar emits pulses of microwave energy that bounce off precipitation particles in the atmosphere. By analyzing the returned signals, meteorologists can determine the intensity, location, and movement of precipitation. This capability is critical for weather forecasting and providing timely warnings for severe weather events.

In this context, while radar can provide some indirect insights into wind patterns by observing storm systems and their movements, its primary function is focused on identifying and measuring precipitation. Likewise, cloud formation and temperature changes are not directly measured by traditional weather radar; instead, these elements are typically observed through other meteorological tools and techniques, such as satellite imagery and thermometers. Therefore, the correct understanding of a weather radar's primary role underscores its significance in precipitation detection and weather monitoring.