What does the term 'advection' refer to in meteorology?

The term 'advection' in meteorology specifically refers to the horizontal transfer of heat, moisture, or other atmospheric properties. This process occurs when air masses move across the Earth's surface, transporting characteristics such as temperature and humidity from one location to another. For instance, when warm air moves into a colder region, it can lead to changes in temperature and influence local weather patterns, such as the formation of fog or precipitation.

Understanding advection is crucial in meteorology because it helps explain various weather phenomena. For example, warm air traveling over cold water can result in the moisture-laden air rising and cooling, leading to cloud formation. This concept is an integral part of weather forecasting, as recognizing patterns of advection can indicate weather changes.

The other options describe different phenomena in meteorology, such as vertical transfer of moisture and interactions between air fronts, but they do not capture the essence of advection, which is specifically tied to horizontal movements.