Which layer of the atmosphere is closest to the Earth's surface?

The layer of the atmosphere that is closest to the Earth's surface is the troposphere. This layer extends from the surface of the Earth up to about 8 to 15 kilometers (5 to 9 miles) high, depending on geographical location and weather conditions. The troposphere contains the majority of the atmosphere's mass and is the region where most weather phenomena occur, including clouds, rain, and storms.

The temperature in the troposphere generally decreases with altitude, which is significant for weather patterns and the formation of clouds. As air rises in this layer, it cools, which can lead to the condensation of moisture and the development of various weather systems.

Understanding the specific characteristics of each atmospheric layer is essential for grasping how weather operates and changes, reinforcing why the troposphere is fundamental to meteorology.